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Cremona :: Cremona

Cremona -- package for some computations on rational maps between projective varieties

Description

Cremona is a package to perform some basic computations on rational and birational maps between absolutely irreducible projective varieties over a field $K$. For instance, it provides general methods to compute degrees and projective degrees of rational maps (see degreeMap and projectiveDegrees) and a general method to compute the push-forward to projective space of Segre classes (see SegreClass). Moreover, all the main methods are available both in version probabilistic and in version deterministic, and one can switch from one to the other with the boolean option Certify.

Let $\Phi:X \dashrightarrow Y$ be a rational map from a subvariety $X=V(I)\subseteq\mathbb{P}^n=Proj(K[x_0,\ldots,x_n])$ to a subvariety $Y=V(J)\subseteq\mathbb{P}^m=Proj(K[y_0,\ldots,y_m])$. Then the map $\Phi $ can be represented, although not uniquely, by a homogeneous ring map $\phi:K[y_0,\ldots,y_m]/J \to K[x_0,\ldots,x_n]/I$ of quotients of polynomial rings by homogeneous ideals. These kinds of ring maps, together with the objects of the RationalMap class, are the typical inputs for the methods in this package. The method toMap (resp. rationalMap) constructs such a ring map (resp. rational map) from a list of $m+1$ homogeneous elements of the same degree in $K[x_0,...,x_n]/I$.

Below is an example using the methods provided by this package, dealing with a birational transformation $\Phi:\mathbb{P}^6 \dashrightarrow \mathbb{G}(2,4)\subset\mathbb{P}^9$ of bidegree $(3,3)$.

i1 : ZZ/300007[t_0..t_6];
i2 : time phi = toMap minors(3,matrix{{t_0..t_4},{t_1..t_5},{t_2..t_6}})
     -- used 0.00420732 seconds

            ZZ              ZZ                3                2    2                2        2                      2                  2    2                 2                       3                2    2                2                                 2                           2    2                                  2        2                      2                  2                        2                         2    2                 2                       3                2    2
o2 = map (------[t ..t ], ------[x ..x ], {- t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t , - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t t  + t t  + t t  - t t t  - t t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t , - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t })
          300007  0   6   300007  0   9       2     1 2 3    0 3    1 4    0 2 4     2 3    1 3    1 2 4    0 3 4    1 5    0 2 5     2 3    2 4    1 3 4    0 4    1 2 5    0 3 5     3     2 3 4    1 4    2 5    1 3 5     2 4    1 3 4    1 2 5    0 3 5    1 6    0 2 6     2 3 4    1 4    2 5    0 4 5    1 2 6    0 3 6     3 4    2 4    2 3 5    1 4 5    2 6    1 3 6     2 4    2 3 5    1 4 5    0 5    1 3 6    0 4 6     3 4    3 5    2 4 5    1 5    2 3 6    1 4 6     4     3 4 5    2 5    3 6    2 4 6

               ZZ                  ZZ
o2 : RingMap ------[t ..t ] <--- ------[x ..x ]
             300007  0   6       300007  0   9
i3 : time J = kernel(phi,2)
     -- used 0.068103 seconds

o3 = ideal (x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x 
             6 7    5 8    4 9   3 7    2 8    1 9   3 5    2 6    0 9   3 4
     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x )
        1 6    0 8   2 4    1 5    0 7

                ZZ
o3 : Ideal of ------[x ..x ]
              300007  0   9
i4 : time degreeMap phi
     -- used 0.0296238 seconds

o4 = 1
i5 : time projectiveDegrees phi
     -- used 0.57065 seconds

o5 = {1, 3, 9, 17, 21, 15, 5}

o5 : List
i6 : time projectiveDegrees(phi,NumDegrees=>0)
     -- used 0.0737703 seconds

o6 = {5}

o6 : List
i7 : time phi = toMap(phi,Dominant=>J)
     -- used 0.00267992 seconds

                                                                       ZZ
                                                                     ------[x ..x ]
            ZZ                                                       300007  0   9                                                  3                2    2                2        2                      2                  2    2                 2                       3                2    2                2                                 2                           2    2                                  2        2                      2                  2                        2                         2    2                 2                       3                2    2
o7 = map (------[t ..t ], ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, {- t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t , - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t t  + t t  + t t  - t t t  - t t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t , - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t , - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t })
          300007  0   6   (x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x )      2     1 2 3    0 3    1 4    0 2 4     2 3    1 3    1 2 4    0 3 4    1 5    0 2 5     2 3    2 4    1 3 4    0 4    1 2 5    0 3 5     3     2 3 4    1 4    2 5    1 3 5     2 4    1 3 4    1 2 5    0 3 5    1 6    0 2 6     2 3 4    1 4    2 5    0 4 5    1 2 6    0 3 6     3 4    2 4    2 3 5    1 4 5    2 6    1 3 6     2 4    2 3 5    1 4 5    0 5    1 3 6    0 4 6     3 4    3 5    2 4 5    1 5    2 3 6    1 4 6     4     3 4 5    2 5    3 6    2 4 6
                            6 7    5 8    4 9   3 7    2 8    1 9   3 5    2 6    0 9   3 4    1 6    0 8   2 4    1 5    0 7

                                                                              ZZ
                                                                            ------[x ..x ]
               ZZ                                                           300007  0   9
o7 : RingMap ------[t ..t ] <--- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             300007  0   6       (x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x )
                                   6 7    5 8    4 9   3 7    2 8    1 9   3 5    2 6    0 9   3 4    1 6    0 8   2 4    1 5    0 7
i8 : time psi = inverseMap phi
     -- used 0.558511 seconds

                                                       ZZ
                                                     ------[x ..x ]
                                                     300007  0   9                                                ZZ              3                2               2    2                        2                          2     2        2                               2                                   2               2             2                       3                                                 2                 2    2                                  2    2                 2                                                 3                         2      2    2      2                                              2
o8 = map (----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, ------[t ..t ], {x  - 2x x x  + x x  - x x x  + x x  + x x  + x x x  - x x x  + x x  - 2x x x  - x x x  - 2x x , x x  - x x  - x x x  + x x x  + x x x  + x x  - 2x x x  - x x x  + x x x , x x  - x x x  + x x  - x x x  + x x  - x x x  - x x x , x  - x x x  + x x x  + x x x  - 2x x x  - x x x , x x  - x x x  + x x  + x x  - x x x  - x x x  - x x x , x x  - x x  - x x x  + x x  + x x x  + x x x  - 2x x x  - x x x  + x x x , x  - 2x x x  - x x x  + x x  + x x  + x x  + x x  + x x x  - 2x x x  - x x x  - x x x  - 2x x })
          (x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x )  300007  0   6     2     1 2 3    0 3    1 2 5    0 5    1 6    0 2 6    0 4 6    1 7     0 2 7    0 4 7     0 9   2 3    1 3    1 2 6    0 3 6    0 5 6    1 8     0 2 8    0 4 8    0 1 9   2 3    1 3 6    0 6    0 3 8    1 9    0 2 9    0 4 9   3    1 3 8    0 6 8    1 2 9     0 3 9    0 5 9   3 6    2 3 8    0 8    2 9    1 3 9    0 6 9    0 7 9   3 6    3 8    2 6 8    1 8    2 3 9    2 5 9     1 6 9    1 7 9    0 8 9   6     3 6 8    5 6 8    2 8    4 8    3 9    5 9    2 6 9     4 6 9    2 7 9    4 7 9     0 9
            6 7    5 8    4 9   3 7    2 8    1 9   3 5    2 6    0 9   3 4    1 6    0 8   2 4    1 5    0 7

                                                          ZZ
                                                        ------[x ..x ]
                                                        300007  0   9                                                    ZZ
o8 : RingMap ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <--- ------[t ..t ]
             (x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x , x x  - x x  + x x )      300007  0   6
               6 7    5 8    4 9   3 7    2 8    1 9   3 5    2 6    0 9   3 4    1 6    0 8   2 4    1 5    0 7
i9 : time isInverseMap(phi,psi)
     -- used 0.0085456 seconds

o9 = true
i10 : time degreeMap psi
     -- used 0.206246 seconds

o10 = 1
i11 : time projectiveDegrees psi
     -- used 6.81538 seconds

o11 = {5, 15, 21, 17, 9, 3, 1}

o11 : List

We repeat the example using the type RationalMap and using deterministic methods.

i12 : time phi = rationalMap minors(3,matrix{{t_0..t_4},{t_1..t_5},{t_2..t_6}})
     -- used 0.002389 seconds

o12 = -- rational map --
                     ZZ
      source: Proj(------[t , t , t , t , t , t , t ])
                   300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6
                     ZZ
      target: Proj(------[x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x ])
                   300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
      defining forms: {
                          3                2    2
                       - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          2     1 2 3    0 3    1 4    0 2 4
                       
                          2        2                      2
                       - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          2 3    1 3    1 2 4    0 3 4    1 5    0 2 5
                       
                            2    2                 2
                       - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t ,
                          2 3    2 4    1 3 4    0 4    1 2 5    0 3 5
                       
                          3                2    2
                       - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          3     2 3 4    1 4    2 5    1 3 5
                       
                          2                                 2
                       - t t  + t t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          2 4    1 3 4    1 2 5    0 3 5    1 6    0 2 6
                       
                                     2    2
                       - t t t  + t t  + t t  - t t t  - t t t  + t t t ,
                          2 3 4    1 4    2 5    0 4 5    1 2 6    0 3 6
                       
                          2        2                      2
                       - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          3 4    2 4    2 3 5    1 4 5    2 6    1 3 6
                       
                            2                        2
                       - t t  + t t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t ,
                          2 4    2 3 5    1 4 5    0 5    1 3 6    0 4 6
                       
                            2    2                 2
                       - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t ,
                          3 4    3 5    2 4 5    1 5    2 3 6    1 4 6
                       
                          3                2    2
                       - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t
                          4     3 4 5    2 5    3 6    2 4 6
                      }

o12 : RationalMap (cubic rational map from PP^6 to PP^9)
i13 : time phi = rationalMap(phi,Dominant=>2)
     -- used 0.0979181 seconds

o13 = -- rational map --
                     ZZ
      source: Proj(------[t , t , t , t , t , t , t ])
                   300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6
                                   ZZ
      target: subvariety of Proj(------[x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x ]) defined by
                                 300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
              {
               x x  - x x  + x x ,
                6 7    5 8    4 9
               
               x x  - x x  + x x ,
                3 7    2 8    1 9
               
               x x  - x x  + x x ,
                3 5    2 6    0 9
               
               x x  - x x  + x x ,
                3 4    1 6    0 8
               
               x x  - x x  + x x
                2 4    1 5    0 7
              }
      defining forms: {
                          3                2    2
                       - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          2     1 2 3    0 3    1 4    0 2 4
                       
                          2        2                      2
                       - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          2 3    1 3    1 2 4    0 3 4    1 5    0 2 5
                       
                            2    2                 2
                       - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t ,
                          2 3    2 4    1 3 4    0 4    1 2 5    0 3 5
                       
                          3                2    2
                       - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          3     2 3 4    1 4    2 5    1 3 5
                       
                          2                                 2
                       - t t  + t t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          2 4    1 3 4    1 2 5    0 3 5    1 6    0 2 6
                       
                                     2    2
                       - t t t  + t t  + t t  - t t t  - t t t  + t t t ,
                          2 3 4    1 4    2 5    0 4 5    1 2 6    0 3 6
                       
                          2        2                      2
                       - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t t  - t t  + t t t ,
                          3 4    2 4    2 3 5    1 4 5    2 6    1 3 6
                       
                            2                        2
                       - t t  + t t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t ,
                          2 4    2 3 5    1 4 5    0 5    1 3 6    0 4 6
                       
                            2    2                 2
                       - t t  + t t  + t t t  - t t  - t t t  + t t t ,
                          3 4    3 5    2 4 5    1 5    2 3 6    1 4 6
                       
                          3                2    2
                       - t  + 2t t t  - t t  - t t  + t t t
                          4     3 4 5    2 5    3 6    2 4 6
                      }

o13 : RationalMap (cubic rational map from PP^6 to 6-dimensional subvariety of PP^9)
i14 : time phi^(-1)
     -- used 0.568992 seconds

o14 = -- rational map --
                                   ZZ
      source: subvariety of Proj(------[x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x ]) defined by
                                 300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
              {
               x x  - x x  + x x ,
                6 7    5 8    4 9
               
               x x  - x x  + x x ,
                3 7    2 8    1 9
               
               x x  - x x  + x x ,
                3 5    2 6    0 9
               
               x x  - x x  + x x ,
                3 4    1 6    0 8
               
               x x  - x x  + x x
                2 4    1 5    0 7
              }
                     ZZ
      target: Proj(------[t , t , t , t , t , t , t ])
                   300007  0   1   2   3   4   5   6
      defining forms: {
                        3                2               2    2                        2                          2
                       x  - 2x x x  + x x  - x x x  + x x  + x x  + x x x  - x x x  + x x  - 2x x x  - x x x  - 2x x ,
                        2     1 2 3    0 3    1 2 5    0 5    1 6    0 2 6    0 4 6    1 7     0 2 7    0 4 7     0 9
                       
                        2        2                               2
                       x x  - x x  - x x x  + x x x  + x x x  + x x  - 2x x x  - x x x  + x x x ,
                        2 3    1 3    1 2 6    0 3 6    0 5 6    1 8     0 2 8    0 4 8    0 1 9
                       
                          2               2             2
                       x x  - x x x  + x x  - x x x  + x x  - x x x  - x x x ,
                        2 3    1 3 6    0 6    0 3 8    1 9    0 2 9    0 4 9
                       
                        3
                       x  - x x x  + x x x  + x x x  - 2x x x  - x x x ,
                        3    1 3 8    0 6 8    1 2 9     0 3 9    0 5 9
                       
                        2                 2    2
                       x x  - x x x  + x x  + x x  - x x x  - x x x  - x x x ,
                        3 6    2 3 8    0 8    2 9    1 3 9    0 6 9    0 7 9
                       
                          2    2                 2
                       x x  - x x  - x x x  + x x  + x x x  + x x x  - 2x x x  - x x x  + x x x ,
                        3 6    3 8    2 6 8    1 8    2 3 9    2 5 9     1 6 9    1 7 9    0 8 9
                       
                        3                         2      2    2      2                                              2
                       x  - 2x x x  - x x x  + x x  + x x  + x x  + x x  + x x x  - 2x x x  - x x x  - x x x  - 2x x
                        6     3 6 8    5 6 8    2 8    4 8    3 9    5 9    2 6 9     4 6 9    2 7 9    4 7 9     0 9
                      }

o14 : RationalMap (cubic birational map from 6-dimensional subvariety of PP^9 to PP^6)
i15 : time degrees phi^(-1)
     -- used 0.291402 seconds

o15 = {5, 15, 21, 17, 9, 3, 1}

o15 : List
i16 : time degrees phi
     -- used 0.0205929 seconds

o16 = {1, 3, 9, 17, 21, 15, 5}

o16 : List
i17 : time describe phi
     -- used 0.00302168 seconds

o17 = rational map defined by forms of degree 3
      source variety: PP^6
      target variety: 6-dimensional variety of degree 5 in PP^9 cut out by 5 hypersurfaces of degree 2
      dominance: true
      birationality: true (the inverse map is already calculated)
      projective degrees: {1, 3, 9, 17, 21, 15, 5}
      coefficient ring: ZZ/300007
i18 : time describe phi^(-1)
     -- used 0.012116 seconds

o18 = rational map defined by forms of degree 3
      source variety: 6-dimensional variety of degree 5 in PP^9 cut out by 5 hypersurfaces of degree 2
      target variety: PP^6
      dominance: true
      birationality: true (the inverse map is already calculated)
      projective degrees: {5, 15, 21, 17, 9, 3, 1}
      number of minimal representatives: 1
      dimension base locus: 4
      degree base locus: 24
      coefficient ring: ZZ/300007
i19 : time (f,g) = graph phi^-1; f;
     -- used 0.0377213 seconds

o20 : MultihomogeneousRationalMap (birational map from 6-dimensional subvariety of PP^9 x PP^6 to 6-dimensional subvariety of PP^9)
i21 : time degrees f
     -- used 1.15445 seconds

o21 = {904, 508, 268, 130, 56, 20, 5}

o21 : List
i22 : time degree f
     -- used 0.00001208 seconds

o22 = 1
i23 : time describe f
     -- used 0.00074464 seconds

o23 = rational map defined by multiforms of degree {1, 0}
      source variety: 6-dimensional subvariety of PP^9 x PP^6 cut out by 20 hypersurfaces of degrees ({1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{1, 1},{2, 0},{2, 0},{2, 0},{2, 0},{2, 0})
      target variety: 6-dimensional variety of degree 5 in PP^9 cut out by 5 hypersurfaces of degree 2
      dominance: true
      birationality: true
      projective degrees: {904, 508, 268, 130, 56, 20, 5}
      coefficient ring: ZZ/300007

A rudimentary version of Cremona has been already used in an essential way in the paper doi:10.1016/j.jsc.2015.11.004 (it was originally named bir.m2).

Author

Certification a gold star

Version 4.2.2 of this package was accepted for publication in volume 8 of The Journal of Software for Algebra and Geometry on 11 June 2018, in the article A Macaulay2 package for computations with rational maps. That version can be obtained from the journal or from the Macaulay2 source code repository.

Version

This documentation describes version 5.2.1 of Cremona.

Source code

The source code from which this documentation is derived is in the file Cremona.m2. The auxiliary files accompanying it are in the directory Cremona/.

Exports

For the programmer

The object Cremona is a package.